International

What central banks can do when shocks come from outside

External shocks: central bank policy options

External shocks—from commodity price surges, wars, and pandemics to foreign monetary tightening and abrupt capital flow reversals—create swift and varied challenges for central banks. The suitable rea...

Economy

Istanbul, in Turkey: What makes a retail concept scalable across diverse neighborhoods

Istanbul retail strategy: achieving scalability across districts

Istanbul emerges as a megacity defined by striking contrasts: compact historic districts, heavily visited tourist corridors, sleek business hubs, expansive suburban areas, and two ...

Investments and Business

Why America’s rich keep getting richer

America’s wealthy: an ever-increasing fortune

Although many Americans have experienced better financial conditions in recent years, these improvements have not been distributed evenly, as affluent households keep building assets and broadening their economic sway, while middle- and lower-income families encounter mounting ob...